Psychoanalytic Theories Essay

The psychoanalytic theories of Freud, Jung, and Adler are similar in so many ways, but different at the same time. Each one starts their theories of by studying the behavior of young children as they developed into young adults. By studying their behavior as a child showed that, the events and activities that the child experience affected them as adults. What the child experienced at a young age affected each child differently, from making them feel inferior or powerless to their peers and parents. These feelings led to them having inferior complex as adults. Freud, Jung and Adler had their own view on the human behavior. Jung is unique in recognizing that the ‘dissociability of the psyche’ is a fundamental process that extends along the continuum from ‘normal’ mental functioning to ‘abnormal’ states. However, when the cohesion of consciousness is shattered by extreme childhood traumata, as it is in the development of multiple personality, this natural differentiation of function is intensified and the dissociative splits between autonomous forces in the psyche become more extreme. In addition, the phenomenon of multiple personality is, in turn, important for realizing the central significance of dissociation in the complex theory and provides an excellent contemporary clinical example of the archetypal ground of the psyche (1989). Freud’s speculative reconstruction of the original human family consisting of a dominant, powerful man governing over a subordinate group of women and younger men, and accounting for the origin of behaviors such as the incest taboo, guilt, totemism, and marriage outside one’s own social group. His approach, theories, and methods have been criticized for several reasons: the unsystematic and uncontrolled manner of data collection and interpretation; an overemphasis on biological factors, especially sex, as the major force in personality development, and an excessive deterministic or mechanistic view of the influence of past behavior on a person’s present functioning (2006). Adler theory was different from Jung’s and Freud’s, his theory was based on human motivation, individual psychology, inferiority and superiority complex, organ inferiority and aggression driven. Unlike Jung and Freud their theories were more based on the sexual behavior of a person, Adler studied each person’s motivation for their actions. During his studies he discovered femininity in women and the masculinity in men. He believed that all children were powerless and dependent because of the position in today’s sociality. This did not only play a role in sociality but as well in the order in which you were born in your family. Throughout each chapter I found numerous traits and characteristics that I agreed with but the two that stands out the most to me are superiority complex and the aggression drive found in Adler theories. Superiority complex is in everyone someway shape of fashion; it is just human nature to want to control someone or something in life. As a child we are looking up to everyone and wanting to be in their position because it looks a lot better from where we stand. The superiority complex goes hand in hand with the aggression drive due to the fact that we are so ready to be an adult. The aggression drive trait pushes us to be more aggressive in accomplishing our goals to be a successful adult and have the finer things in life. We all have different personalities however the superiority complex and aggression drive characteristics is majority of all of us, however in Freud’s studies he created several stages they he believed people go through for example the phallic and oral stage as a child. These stages are something that children go through but grow out of them as an adult, I disagree with these stages because as a child you are learning new things every day and by learning something different your judgment will become better and you will know what and what not to do. Adler, Freud and Jung had their own personal psychoanalytic theories based on sexual behavior, childhood experiences, and other major events that happen throughout their lives. The study of the human personality is always changing and developing new traits and characteristics, no one person is the same but we all have similar traits and characteristics. Psychoanalytic theories are good to help better understand a person’s personality but it is not a tool that can really be reliable if you do not study the individual’s background and religion. ?

Healthy Promotion Proposal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Healthy Promotion Proposal - Essay Example on, the parents can also benefit from the project since the children will be educated on how to include the whole family while planning the healthy meals. The project will utilize the education strategies that are easily understandable by the target population. The scholars will be taught how to make healthy food choices, based on the available food items in their localities. Concepts of balanced diets and portion sizes will be explained to them in simple ways that are easy to understand. The educators will use models of the Plate method and Food pyramid to explain portion sizes and different colors to represent the various food groups. For instance, the educators will use white to represent starches and carbohydrates, green for vegetables and golden brown for proteins. The educators will also include activities that help in the attainment of the project goals. For instance, the students will be taught how to make diet plans that include the correct portions sizes for each food group. They will also be taught on the various food options that are healthy, for example whole grains instead of refined carbohydrates, unsaturated fats instead of trans-fats, etc. Exercises will be held after the teaching sessions to test their level of understanding and also to reinforce the knowledge acquired in the oral teaching sessions. Apart from designing meals, the students will be educated on the physiological consequences of taking certain foods. They will be taught on the roles of the different food groups in the body such as provision of energy, digestion and glycemic index, storage of excess energy and development of non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular diseases and obesity. However, the educators will ensure that they are keen to avoid using technical terms to facilitate easier understanding of the concepts. The project is important to the target population in several ways. First, it provides basic knowledge on proper nutrition principles, thus facilitating

Best friends and archenemy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Best friends and archenemy - Essay Example The paper will analyze the relationship that exists between two contrasting extremes in our lives, our best friend and archenemy. Growing up each individual develops a keen interest in two people in his or her life, the best friend and the archenemy. The majority of people only relate relationships to the positive feelings we possess towards other individuals, however, in our subconscious mind we share our bond with our enemies. Some might even have a closer bond with their archenemy than their best friend. The archenemy has a vital role in each person’s life as he influences the decisions one makes and the way in which one behaves. The constant competition with the enemy is a driving factor for many individuals and yet they can spend their entire lives without realizing it. Best friends have a supportive role and play as a source of comfort and warmth for each individual. Enemies on the other hand bring out the competitive side of a person and push him or her to doing things they would be able to achieve without a stimulation factor. This shows the importance of an archenemy in a person’s life and how without this individual life would be very different and even worse than one might presume. Having the two in one’s life is like the day and the night. The essence and uses of the two times frames are different, we use the day to work, socialize with others and improve our social status. On the other hand, we use the night to sleep so we can have enough energy to vary out the activities that are essential in our lives. Such is the relationship between our best friend and archenemy. One provides us with the light and comfort meanwhile the other gives us the drive to excel in our lives. Without either of the two individuals, our lives and the measure of our success would be limited. A best friend picks us up when we are down, and is there to listen to us when nobody else will. He reassures us of our strengths and the good things that we have in our lives. The presence of our best friend makes us feel warm and comfortable even in the absence of words. A best friend is like a brother or sister and at times can be like a mother or a father. The archenemy is like an intruder, someone whose existence creates tension and increases your heart rate. In every situation he is always the target and the one to beat. He is like a catalyst in the reaction of life. There is no way one can truly achieve his full potential without being pushed or motivated. The archenemy also brings the joy and satisfaction that comes from a best friend. The victories one has over his rival can be even more welcomed than the good times he shares with his or her friend. As much as people might want to deny it, the archenemy is just as important as the best friend, and has an even larger role to play in some situations. Even in a movie there are two roles the good and the bad character. In the absence of a bad character, the hero is unable to shine or show his brilliance. He uses the negative attributes of the villain to capture the hearts of the audience and attain his heroic status. The characters need each other, just like each person needs both a best friend and an archenemy. The two are very different and yet so similar. They both make lasting impression in an individual’

Organizational Behavior Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Organizational Behavior - Term Paper Example It is mainly the human resource department that has to develop diversity related program. However, organizational diversity is not possible without the support of the senior management. Firms that are able to embrace this diversity and over that realize the benefits from it are the ones that benefit from such workforce diversity. Large multinational today are working with employees coming from different culture and countries and they are successful at the same time. Communication is the exchange of information or ideas from one party to another. Organizations cannot operate if there is no effective communication. It is the life source in any company because the organization is made of people who need to interact in order to work together. It creates mutual trust and understanding among the management and the employees else the production can come to a halt with ambiguous information and miscommunication (Daft, 2001). Effective communication helps to promulgate and clear the goals and interests of the organization in all the workers. For example if there is no effective communication then the employees would not know the goals therefore they will not work hard to achieve them which will impact the productivity. They will not know their responsibility, the supervisor will not be able to give feedback to the employees, and the manager will not be able to train the employees. The effects of absence of effective communication are endless, as the organization increases in size communication can end up being part of diseconomies of scale. This is why firms tend to focus on the communication channels in an organization be it a small or large business. Business ethics is the behavior of the firms in dealing with their day to day operations. This is related to morals and principles. This principle is not confined towards the interaction of a business enterprise towards the economy as a whole but also towards a single individual. The concept gained more popularity in the 21st century due to the awareness in people as well as the emergence of pressure groups who are taking an active role in standing against such corporations who are violating the laws pertaining to their business ethics (Robbins & Judge, 2004). There are many top global brands around the world that have been fined millions of dollars as they have broken the ethical and antitrust laws. Apart from that they have a negative reputation among the consumers. The problem is that the amount of dollars that they get fined is way less than what they earn therefore they continue with their way of doing business. This indicates that money is the driving force in all this. The businesses gain in the short term but on the whole it undermines the economy. US Rep. David Scott was fined by the state ethics commission $7500 for the use of campaign money for the personal use. This was against the ethics commission.Change management is a common word used in organizations these days. It is a systematic way of incorporating the change within an organization for the most effective outcomes. An organization has to implement the changes in the

Heritage Tourism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Heritage Tourism - Essay Example It is in the 1990s that the tendency to boldly state the function of tourism and investigate the conscious and unconscious forces that foster tourism as an expression of a facet of human life became in vogue. During these period researchers working independently arrived at the nature of tourism as method of forming opinion on the nature of local people that the tourists visited. Moreover, the scholars also unearthed the social compulsions that make going to places as an essential ingredient of modern living and the pseudo-cultural experiences that are generated artificially to fuel the growth of a flourishing business activity. Many social scientists inspected "the use of tourism to make, re-make and/or de-make specific peoples, places or pasts." (Hollinshead, 2004, p. 25) The present study focuses on central ideas of four authors whose monumental contribution, to the understanding of the discipline of tourism, is a necessary backdrop for our learning of postmodern issues in tourism. They are AlSayyad N., Hewison R., Horne Donald and Dolan D. The authors are able to give a penetrating vision of the various aspects of post-modern heritage tourism. AlSayyad explores in his writing the heritage and tradition of tourism and contributes sig... Heritage today is created and propagated and it plays a major role in gaining national identity. He argues that 20th century has been a period of travel and tourism. Travel industry knows too well that it is selling only dreams. The industry knows that the tourists are too nave to realize that he or she is treated to a fake experience. The old concept of tourism as a quest for knowledge, self-improvement and authentic experience is hardly found in today's tourism. Instead, shopping, dining, wining and evening entertainment are becoming in many cases more important than the visiting of monuments. One of the appalling tragedies of postmodern tourism is the directed tour that a tourist is supposed to cover in a package. In the past travel was undertaken as a finishing school for a man of leisure and culture. Now the tourist is compelled to travel as a part of social norm and often the itinerary in such travels are unauthentic experience the tourist is forced to endure. Alsayyad (2001) c alls it " sites of 'authentic fakery' such as Las Vegas or manufactured heritage theme parks of 'fake authenticity'. There are many such symbols of modern tourism, which can vie with any monumental heritage site of the past. In fact McDonald's and Disney have more popularity as symbols of culture. In the era of increasing globalization Disney theme parks in many parts of the world stand for the weakened notion of statehood having been replaced by a plutocracy of the world governed by a multinational corporation. It is a paradox today that people travel to actual destinations for a virtual experience. Destinations could be Taj Mahal. Pyramids or the Great Wall of China but the experience is stage managed by recreational aspects of enjoyment rather

Deontological Ethics Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deontological Ethics - Case Study Example The second ethical problem is how the external auditor would perform his function in the conduct of external audit.. Deontological framework takes a normative ethical position that judges the morality of action based on latter’s conformity to rules or rules. It is sometimes called duty-based ethics or rule-based ethics because a person is bound to ones duty (Hartman, 2004). It is differentiated with consequentialism where the rights are determined by the consequences. The primacy or importance of the rules is clear in deontological. The validity the rules would have to relate them with what is universal and rational man ought to do under the circumstances. Thus, Kant ethics which will be used in this is paper since it is deemed to under this type of ethics because of the principle of universalism (Weiss, 2008). This should be deemed accomplished as found in section 2.1. The first issue is on the interpretation of accounting rules in the preparation of the financial statements. Case facts provide in the preparation of its financial statements, that WorldCom used a liberal interpretation of accounting rules. Interpretation could of course be liberal, strict or just be neural enough to balance the two extremes. Since the company has a purpose in having a liberal interpretation which is make it appear that its profits were increasing, the company must have reason for doing so. It has done the same by writing down in one quarter earnings the cost of company expenses expected in the future so that is it would have bigger losses in the current quarter but smaller ones in the future quarters (Moberg, 2010). The idea was to show trend of constant growth in the profit of the company as a sign of growing or sustainable company. In other instance involving its acquisition of MCI, WorldCom had the accounting opportunity to reduce the book value of some MCI

International Business Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

International Business - Essay Example Unlike Asia Tile, Platinum manufactures tiles both for import and export. At first, Platinum exported their products mainly to the United States and to several other countries, such as China, Malaysia, and Vietnam. But, due to a change of demand for the tiles’ motive, PCI started to decrease their export to the United States. However, the revenue gained from exporting to the United States is not as much as the revenue achieved from exporting to Malaysia, Vietnam, and China. The raw materials needed to manufacture exporting goods to the United States are relatively scarce in Asia. As such, this has caused the production cost to increase as the price of the raw materials increase due to scarcity. This case has become a challenging issue. PCI also outsources several of their intermediate goods from countries around Asia. They import their glaze materials, as well as coloring materials from a company in China called China Glaze. PCI gets better quality for these materials for a si gnificantly better price. However, outsourcing goods from other countries have some significant disadvantages. It is time consuming, and sometimes the coloring materials do not properly match with what PCI needs. If PCI needs to produce a certain type or motive immediately, it will not be able to use the outsourced goods as they are very time consuming. John Koh stated that the process of outsourcing the intermediate goods can be a very complicated and tedious chore. There was one time where the goods (China Glaze) were rejected because it did not meet the standards of PCI’s expectations. Therefore, they had to ship it back to China for an exchange of the better quality products, though sometimes they may even have to remake the mixture of the coloring materials in order to match the original design (the percentage of which coloring materials to be used). Not only does this get complicated at times, but it can be very time consuming (it can take more than a month for the mate rials to be received). There is also a challenging issue when it comes to machineries. PCI bought most of their machines from Europe. Therefore, when the machine either malfunctions or breaks, it takes a few days for the technician to arrive from Europe. The machine’s company will not let one of PCI’s engineers study and fix the machines as the repairs require careful and professional attention. The consequence when a machine breaks down is a decrease in production for several days. Back then, Platinum Ceramics Industry was the leading ceramic tiles manufacturing company in Indonesia. But, due to an increase in competitors, it started to lose their market. To solve this issue, PCI decided to expand their company by building new factories to manufacture export goods. Some challenges PCI encountered building new factories were the risk of market failure, the need to find decent raw materials locally to minimize production cost, and the shipping costs. However, if the loc al raw materials did not meet the standard of export’s quality, then outsourcing intermediate goods would be required. The things that need to be observed and studied in this case are reflected in Michael Porter’s Diamond model. It discusses the significant factors that we should study in an international business. These factors are demand condition, related supporting industry, firm’s strategy, infrastructure and rivalry, factor condition, and government. Demand condition